5 common misconceptions about neurodivergence
Neurodivergence, encompassing conditions like autism, ADHD, and dyslexia, is often obscured by harmful misconceptions that perpetuate stigma and misunderstanding. From the damaging notion that neurodivergent individuals are “broken” or “less than,” to the oversimplified stereotypes perpetuated by media, these myths create significant barriers to inclusion and support.
By challenging these myths, we can foster a more informed and accepting society that recognises and celebrates the unique strengths and needs of neurodivergent individuals.
Myth: Neurodivergent people are “broken” or “less than.”
A trap neurotypical or “allistic” people often fall into is thinking about neurodivergence as a fault. Viewing neurodivergent people as “broken” or “less than” further perpetuates stigma. Society caters more effectively to neurotypicals. The suggestion that neurodivergent people are somehow faulty for not being able to fit into a certain mould is incredibly harmful.
Some studies have shown that, unfortunately, neurotypical people make quick assessments based on minimal information about a social presentation they deem atypical (National Center for Biotechnology). These snap first impressions can further fuel the social difficulties neurodivergent people experience. This information may feel discouraging. However, it is important to advocate for a broader understanding of social difficulty and put equal onus on the neurotypical population to suspend their judgement.
Neurodivergence is a difference in brain function not a fault in character. Conditions such as autism, ADHD, dyslexia, and others are variations in neurological development, rather than illnesses to be “cured”. Neurodivergent individuals can employ certain strategies to improve their condition, but there is no cure, and they may need reasonable adjustments to be made.
Many neurodivergent people possess unique strengths and talents that are highly valuable. While viewing these talents as “superpowers” is not necessarily helpful either, it is important to value these qualities and what they bring to a dynamic. Whether someone has been diagnosed with a neurodivergent condition in childhood or adulthood, the complicated experience of having the condition can result in low self-esteem. These negative experiences could be alleviated if more people overcame their prejudice or gained more knowledge on the topic.
Myth: All autistic people are savants, or all people with ADHD are hyperactive and disruptive.
The media often portrays autistic individuals as either intellectually disabled or possessing extraordinary, almost superhuman abilities (the “savant” trope). Similarly, ADHD is frequently depicted as a condition solely characterised by disruptive hyperactivity. These narrow depictions are deeply misleading. The reality is that neurodivergence, particularly autism and ADHD, exists on a wide (not a linear) spectrum.
This means that individuals experience these conditions in vastly different ways. Some autistic individuals may have exceptional talents in specific areas, but many do not. As Dr. Stephen Shore said, “If you’ve met one individual with autism, you’ve met one individual with autism.”
Conversely, ADHD can manifest as primarily inattentive, with individuals struggling with focus and organisation rather than physical hyperactivity. Stereotypes create unrealistic expectations and can lead to misdiagnosis or a lack of understanding of the diverse needs of neurodivergent people. It is important to remember that each person is an individual, and the level of support they need varies greatly. The general public must look past the media and understand that each person is different.
Myth: Neurodivergence is a childhood disorder that people grow out of.
While some symptoms may change over time, neurodivergence is a lifelong experience. Neurodivergence is not something which disappears with age. Adults with neurodivergent conditions may have developed coping mechanisms, but the underlying neurological differences are still there.
The misconception that neurodivergence is a phase or something that can be outgrown is particularly damaging. It often leads to a lack of support for adults who continue to experience challenges related to their neurodivergence. While some symptoms may shift or evolve, the underlying neurological differences persist throughout a person’s life.
Adults with neurodivergent conditions may develop coping mechanisms and strategies for managing their symptoms, but this does not mean they are “cured.” Many neurodivergent adults experience significant difficulties in areas such as employment, relationships, and mental health due to a lack of understanding and support.
Recognising neurodivergence as a lifelong experience is essential for providing appropriate accommodations and fostering a more inclusive society. Many people have gone undiagnosed until adulthood and have suffered for years due to a lack of understanding.
Myth: Neurodivergent people are incapable of living fulfilling lives.
This is completely false. With appropriate support and accommodations, neurodivergent individuals can thrive in education, employment, and relationships. Many neurodivergent people have achieved remarkable success in various fields. The key is recognising and celebrating their strengths while providing support where needed.
This myth is rooted in ableism and a limited understanding of what constitutes a “fulfilling life.” The idea that neurodivergent individuals are inherently incapable of achieving happiness, success, and meaningful relationships is simply untrue.
Many neurodivergent people have made significant contributions in a range of fields, including science, technology, arts, and literature. Their unique perspectives and talents are invaluable assets to society. The key is to shift the focus from perceived deficits to recognising and celebrating strengths.
This includes providing access to education, employment opportunities, and social support networks that are tailored to the specific needs of neurodivergent individuals. To say that someone is incapable of a full life due to a neurological difference is a generalisation and is a very harmful point of view.
Myth: Neurodivergence is a new “trend.”
While awareness and diagnosis rates have increased, neurodivergent conditions have existed throughout history. Increased understanding and better diagnostic tools have simply allowed us to recognise and understand these differences more effectively.
Increased awareness and diagnosis rates often fuel the perception that neurodivergence is a recent phenomenon. The rise of neurodiversity advocacy has played a crucial role in challenging stigma and promoting inclusion.
While the term “neurodiversity” may be relatively new, the conditions it encompasses are not. Attributing neurodivergence to a “trend” minimises the lived experiences of millions of individuals and undermines the importance of providing appropriate support and accommodations. It also discounts the many people who have lived and died undiagnosed, and without support.
